There are some parallels between both of the pairs listed. Ad agencies and anthropologists both spend a large amount of time and resources looking at the way groups as a whole are set up, and work. Ad agencies however, take this to the level of trying to 'crack a code' in finding how they can use these to make their advertising tailored to penetrate groups and make their products appeal to them. In fact, ad agencies likely hire antrhopoligists to discover what makes groups 'tick', and how to appeal to them. So, many people in ad agencies are anthropoligists, or carry out similar tasks to what anthropoligists do.
In the same way, all market researchers are ethnographers, but not all market researchers are ethnographers. Both look at how things effect groups. But as ad agencies, market researchers take their research to the next level of extrapolating, and trying to predict trends that will come up, or how to create trends.
Adults see teenagers as such a different group, because though many things have stayed the same since they were young, many others have changed, and they don't understand how these changes alter the general mindset of young people. Thus, they hire older people who spend all their time acting like, researching, and assimilating the culture of young people, who they think will be able to understand them better. Also, corprate find it easier to deal with an adult who's job is to research and learn teenagers, than talk to actual teenagers, just because that's their style. Though some firms do hire teenagers as consultants, and to test products. But I guess people who analyze teenagers over long periods of time can explain their behavior, while teenagers themselves may not be able to.
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